Thursday, 9 October 2014

How to Convert an Angle Grinder to a Bench Grinder

It occurred to me some time ago what a waste of time it was buying a cheap bench grinder.
You know, the pony little things that tempt you with a low price.  Then, you get home and try them only to find that they only have a 150W motor and slow down when you start to think about using them.  What a waste of space!
However, (I thought), what about those nice little angle grinders that they turn out so many of that they sell for peanuts – well, very cheaply.  These are typically rated at 500W, rotate at 10-11000 rpm and accept a 115mm disc.  They have fittings that allow the use of cutting and grinding discs and they accept wire brushes, core drills, etc. 

You have the options of buying a good quality item or going for cheap and replacing more often.  In my location these cheap versions typically cost £15; the green one in the photographs cost £8 and has completed 2 grueling days in hot sun of virtually continuous running in order to wire brush lime deposits off my swimming pool (as well as, more recently, cutting lumps of steel for which it was patently too small).  A drill mounted brush was useless for this because hand drills typically only rotate at 1800 rpm on full squeeze of the trigger.


What, I thought, if I was to make a bracket that would let me put the angle grinder in the vice to give me an extra hand for working?  That was it though.  I thought about it and then left it for a couple of years – as usual.  Usually, by this time, someone else has done the job, so I guess I won’t be the first with this type of adaptation. There are a string of inventions that made millions that I may have thought of first.
This week I felt creative, so I slotted the development of this adapter bracket into my crowded schedule.
I found that the grinders are supplied with a handle that can be fitted in two opposite locations for left and right handed use.  This was an obvious site for attaching my bracket.  The handle is fitted by means of a tapped hole on each side of the main case casting giving the two locations.  The holes are tapped out to accept an M8 screw.  The width of the casting between the two holes I originally measured as 65mm (regretfully using a tape measure and stupidly assuming that the distance would be a round figure).  When I came to fit my bracket to the grinder,I found this distance to be between 67 and 69 mm depending on the manufacturer, and I had to adapt my bracket accordingly. (It was also necessary to remove residual “flash” from the case casting in this area to make the fitting “snug”.



As I am without proper machine tools, the models were all made with basic stuff like a pistol drill, vice, hammer, the grinder and a welder.  I know that most people will have everything except the welder, but you could either pre-fabricate and bolt together (not recommended) or find someone to weld it for you – most garages have a MIG welder which will do a much better job than my cheapy stick welder.

For my “A” model, I cold formed (beat it to shape with a hammer in the vice) a length of 4mm x 30mm strap iron to wrap around the end of the grinder.  I cut a slot in either side for fitting to the grinder and for allowing adjustment as the disc wears down.

The slots were cut by drilling a hole at each end and joining these up with the angle grinder, then finishing with a file so that an M8 screw could slide easily along the slot.


Next, I made the bit that joins to this bracket for clamping in the vice. I used 25mm square section steel for this and welded the parts together. Actual sizes are not fussy.


Then, on the “A” model, I joined the two parts together, but don’t do this yet.


I know that’s a weird angle, but I tried to join the original sketches together. Never mind!
However, you can see the oversight as soon as you get to grips with this view.  The tool rest runs into the bracket attaching to the grinder limiting access to the left of the disc.

So, in the “B” model I improved this a bit by welding a plate across the bracket and cutting away the surplus material.



You can see that the left hand side of the toolrest  is still slightly obstructed by the new plate. The view is not quite right I know, but I don’t have a drawing package and had to do these sketches in WORD.

If I make another I will add a small plate to the left of the first modification, stepped backwards slightly to clear the grinder body.  Then remove the surplus material



To hold the grinder in the bracket you could use simple M8 screws, but I welded M10 or M12 wingnuts onto M8 screws and cut these to length so that they just didn’t bottom in the tapped holes in the casting.  I allowed for a lock washer to be used. (Take care to make off the screw ends nicely as the casting is aluminium and would be easily damaged by hacked off steel screws,) 


To adjust for different fixing centres or to correct errors, you can put a double set in the fixing bracket if necessary – a bit of fine tuning.


The above example increases the distance between fixings.

Here are pictures of the “B” model fitted in a small vice.









I guess that a manufactured item would be pressed from something like 3mm sheet steel.  Well beyond my home capabilities.
Get in touch if you have any comments.
All the best.
Kev



Monday, 16 June 2014

Home Lawnmower Blade Sharpening

Lawnmower Blade Sharpening

The blades on rotary lawn mowers lose their edge fairly quickly.  This is because there is a compromise taken in the design of the machine that decides that the steel from which the blade is made needs to be fairly soft to minimise chipping due to stones hitting the blade.  A blade that holds its edge would soon have lumps knocked out of it by the stones.

Consequently, the blade needs sharpening fairly often in order to maintain a reasonably clean cut.  A blunt blade will still cut due to the high speed of rotation, but it will cut damp grass much more cleanly if it is sharp.  Also, an electric mower will rotate at less rpm than a petrol mower and will therefore depend more on having a sharp blade.

The problem with home sharpening is that it is necessary to remove the same amount of material from each end of the blade or the balance of the blade will be affected leading to vibration.  You can get it nearly right on the first couple of sharpening, but eventually, the blade will go out of balance and shake up the mower unnecessarily. It might even lead to the blade becoming dangerously loose.

To minimise this problem you can either take the blade to a mower shop and get it sharpened in a jig that keeps it balanced by virtue of removing the same amount of material from each end, replace the blade with a new one, or have a go at balancing it yourself.

Assuming that you are not technically inept.- in which case you would never manage to get the blade off anyway - and have access to at least a suitable spanner and a decent file, you will probably be able sharpen the blade yourself and thereby extend its useful life.

The first problem is to get the blade off.  When I was younger it was commonplace to fix the blade on with a nut having a left hand thread, but all the modern machines I have encountered use a standard right handed fixing. Just check the manual to make sure before trying to undo the nut in case you are just tightening it further.

VERY IMPORTANT: REMOVE THE LEAD FROM THE SPARK PLUG BEFORE YOU START. Otherwise you might spend the rest of your life making unintentional rude gestures.

Be careful how you tip the machine around or the oil will run out or end up in the cylinder giving you a problem either cleaning up or getting the mower restarted.  Most Briggs and Stratton engines have the oil filler at the pushing end and will tolerate raising the pushing handle a bit.  It would be best to stand the mower on bricks or wood blocks to raise it off the ground, then lie beside it to access the blade. Some repairers tighten the filler cap and lie the machine on the carburettor  side

I use a motorist’s socket set to undo the fixing but a good ring spanner or open ended one would do the job.  The socket set gives you the option of increasing the torque with a length of pipe over the handle.  The only thing stopping the blade rotating is the engine brake, so you will probably need to wedge the blade.  Mower manufacturers are not nice enough to provide a way of locking the blade, so I use a length of 50mmx50mm wood between the blade and the deck.  However, I make a point of ALWAYS buying a mower with a metal deck.  If yours is plastic, you’ll have to find a way of whacking the spanner with a hammer to use the engine’s inertia to loosen the blade. Of course, you may be lucky and the blade fixing might not be too tight.

The blade when removed may be found to be a simple plate, have a slight twist on each end like a propeller, or have a bent over flap on the trailing edge. 

The simple plate is straightforward and should be reversible to effectively get cutting life out of both pairs of edges.  If you are careful, you can easily keep this type in balance by treating each half the same.
The propeller shape gives the same reversibility and also provides a fan action to suck the grass upright before chopping it off.  This sucking action can also be designed to assist the chopped grass into the catcher box.
The type with bent over flaps may have some esoteric use not apparent to me but, the flaps should increase the air flow.  However, unless the flap bits have a special use in cutting, the blade is not reversible.

Since the blade is not made from particularly hard steel, a good quality file is the best tool to do sharpening at home, unless the blade is badly chipped and worn, in which case a small angle grinder of bench grinder can be used to restore the original shape..  Sharpen by draw filing retaining as much as possible the same form as the original and trying to remove the same amount from each edge.

You need a special device to properly balance the blade dynamically, but first order balance can be achieved statically.  (Whatever the balance device adverts say.) To statically balance the blade, find a chrome tool with nearly the same diameter as the fixing hole, or at least get a bolt near the right size.  Insert the tool or bolt into the blade and ideally fit this assembly into a vise with the blade vertical to allow it to spin freely.
Note which end of the blade tends to point down and work out where you can remove some metal near the end of this. Don’t reduce the length, remove metal from trailing edge or reshape to be the same as the other end and re-sharpen.  Approach a final state of balance slowly so as not to remove too much metal. The closer to the end you remove metal the more effective it will be.  If a fair amount of metal needs removing you will need a grinder to do this within a reasonable time frame.

When the blade doesn’t tend to favour any particular side, refit it into the mower and do up the fixing bolt fairly tightly. Remember that the normal direction of rotation is clockwise from above the mower and therefore anticlockwise below in order to work out which way to fit the blade with the cutting edge leading.

Replace the spark plug and let the mower stand awhile for the oil to all run back into the sump.  The vibration will hopefully be less, which is less stressful and should lengthen the mower’s life


This may get you an extra couple of sharpenings out of the blade before you need to replace it.